The patients' urine was normal, and infection was not the primary cause of bladder wall fibrosis. Some scholars believe that lymphatic obstruction caused by pelvic surgery or infection is the cause, but many patients do not have such a history. Other scholars have proposed that it is due to thrombophlebitis accompanied by acute infection of the bladder or pelvic organs, or due to long-term spasm of small arteries caused by mental stress, and may also be related to endocrine factors. Extensive evidence suggests that interstitial cystitis is an autoimmune collagen disease. The role of mast cells and bladder surface amino acid glycosides in interstitial cystitis has attracted attention, and some researchers are currently conducting studies in this area.
Patients often experience long-term progressive urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Pain in the suprapubic region is significant when the bladder is full, and sometimes urethral and perineal pain may also occur, which is relieved after urination. Hematuria may occasionally occur, and is more pronounced when the bladder is overfilled and distended. Some patients may have a history of allergic diseases.
