Sacral nerve modulation is a minimally invasive neuromodulation technique that treats urinary and defecation dysfunction by implanting electrodes to stimulate the sacral nerves.
Sacral nerve modulation is primarily suitable for certain types of lower urinary tract dysfunction that are unresponsive to or intolerable to medication, such as refractory overactive bladder with urinary urgency and frequency, and non-obstructive urinary retention. This technique is also used to treat defecation disorders such as fecal incontinence and constipation. The surgery is performed in two phases. The first phase is a trial treatment phase, where a temporary electrode is implanted via puncture and connected to an external stimulator to monitor symptom improvement for one to four weeks. The second phase is the permanent implantation phase, where a permanent pulse generator and electrodes are implanted only in patients who respond well to the trial treatment. The mechanism of action of sacral nerve modulation is to modulate abnormal nerve signals in the sacral nerve plexus through electrical pulses, restoring normal bladder and rectal storage and emptying functions. This treatment is minimally invasive and reversible, significantly improving patients' quality of life. The surgery is usually performed under local anesthesia, with the electrodes precisely placed within the sacral foramen under X-ray guidance. Post-operatively, patients can use an external programmer to adjust stimulation parameters to suit individual needs.
Post-operatively, it is essential to keep the implantation site dry and clean until the wound heals, and avoid strenuous exercise to prevent electrode displacement. Regular follow-up visits to check the device's operational status and battery level are crucial. Daily observation of symptom changes is important, and timely communication with your doctor is necessary. Avoid exposure to strong magnetic fields to prevent interference with the pulse generator's normal operation. Maintaining a balanced diet and adequate fluid intake helps maintain urinary system health, and establishing regular bowel habits can enhance treatment effectiveness.
